膝关节软骨下骨骨挫伤的研究进展

Research progress concerning knee-joint subchondral bone bruises

膝关节软骨下骨骨挫伤是膝关节在直接或间接暴力作用下产生的软骨下骨小梁断裂和伴发的骨髓内出血、水肿，是核磁共振（MRI）应用于医学领域后命名的一个诊断名词，其MRI影像学表现为膝关节软骨下骨的局部异常信号。膝关节软骨下骨骨挫伤X线片、CT检查为阴性，因而临床中常常漏诊、误诊，又被称为膝关节“隐匿性损伤”。这种损伤如不及时干预，会出现长期疼痛症状，严重影响患者日常生活、甚至造成膝关节早期退变。近年来，MRI在临床的广泛应用加速了膝关节软骨下骨骨挫伤的病因、诊断及治疗研究，也使该疾病成为临床研究的热点。本文对膝关节软骨下骨骨挫伤的研究进展作J综述，旨在使骨科医生更好地了解并治疗膝关节软骨下骨骨挫伤。

Recently, wide application of MRI in clinic accelerates researches into the etiology, diag- nosis, treatment and prognosis of bone bruises. MRI manifestations of bone bruises include trabecular mi- crofracture associated with hemorrhage, oedema of subchondral bone because of direct or indirect traumatic force and focal abnormalities in subchondral bone of the knee. This condition is also known as ＂occult injury＂ of the knee, because it is likely to be overlooked or misdiagnosed in hospital due to its diagnostic difficulty by plain radiographs and CT. If timely intervention is not given, it will be accompanied by chronic pain which seriously affects the daily life of the patients, even resulting in early degeneration. This article discusses the current re- search on bone bruises of the knee.