苗族青少年韧性素质现状及其与社会支持的关系研究

On Resilience Diathesis of the Miao Adolescents and Its Relationship with Social Support

采用韧性素质问卷和社会支持评定量表对2061名苗族青少年进行测查,探讨苗族青少年韧性素质的现状及其与社会支持之间的关系,为少数民族地区青少年的心理健康教育提供理论依据。结果发现:(1)苗族青少年在家庭期望、同伴支持和社会支持得分上存在显著的性别差异,女生均高于男生,但男生在情绪调控和意志行动得分上显著高于女生;(2)苗族青少年在韧性素质各因子及总分上存在显著年级差异,但呈现出不同的年级变化趋势;(3)非留守苗族青少年在积极认知、家庭期望、家庭关心、家庭和谐、同伴支持和韧性素质总分上显著高于留守青少年;(4)韧性素质与社会支持呈显著正相关;在控制人口学变量后,社会支持对韧性素质各因子有显著正向预测作用,说明苗族青少年的社会支持对其韧性素质有显著影响。

This study, by using questionnaires to test 2061 Miao adolescents, aims to explore the present resilience diathesis of Miao adolescents and its relationship with social support, and provide theoretical basis for the mental health education for adolescents in ethnic minority areas. The results show the following： （1） The Miao adolescents showed a significant gender difference in family expectations, peer support and social support, with the girls scored higher than the boys, but the boys scored significantly higher than the girls in emotion control and vohtional action; （2） the Miao adolescents showed a significant grade difference in resilience diathesis; （3） the Miao adolescents staying at home with their parents scored significantly higher than those rural children left at home by their parents seeking employment in cities in positive cognition, family expectations, family care, family harmony, peer support and resilience diathesis; and （4） there was a significantly positive correlation between their resilience diathesis and social support; social support helped to significantly and positively predict their resilience diathesis beyond demographics variables. This indicates that for Miao adolescents, social support has a significant effect on their resilience diathesis.