首发脑卒中患者自我管理行为及影响因素的研究

The current status and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with first stroke

目的探讨首发脑卒中患者的自我管理行为现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般资料问卷、脑卒中知识问卷、慢性病自我效能量表、脑卒中自我管理行为量表,对104例首发脑卒中患者进行研究。结果首发脑卒中患者的总体自我管理行为得分为(140.88±16.28)分,各维度得分由高到低依次为:安全用药管理、社会功能和人际管理、饮食管理、情绪管理、生活起居管理、康复管理、疾病管理。多元线性回归分析显示,自我效能、卒中知识水平及文化程度是自我管理行为的影响因素,可解释自我管理行为水平38.1%的变异量。结论首发脑卒中患者的自我管理行为水平亟待提高,医护人员在实施护理干预或健康教育时应注重提高患者的自我效能和卒中知识水平,对文化程度低者着重关注,帮助患者形成良好的自我管理行为,以促进其疾病康复,减少并发症,降低复发率,从而提高生活质量。

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with first stroke. Methods A total of 104 patients with first stroke were recruited and investigated with general questionnalre,chronic stroke knowledge questionnaire,self-efficacy scale and self-management behavior scale of stroke. Results The mean score of self-management behavior was（140.88±16.28）.In each dimension,scores from high to low were as follows： drug safety management ,social function and interpersonal management,dietary manage- ment,emotion management,daily life management,rehabilitation management and disease management.Multiple re- gression analysis showed that self-efficacy,knowledge of stroke and educational level were influencing factors of self- management behaviors,which could explain 38.1% of the variance. Conclusion The self-management behaviors of patients with first stroke need to be improved.Health care workers should pay attention to enhancing patients＇ self- efficacy and knowledge of stroke,and those with lower educational level should be focused more,in order to help patients with first stroke form good self-management behaviors,and then help them promote disease rehabilitation, reduce complications and recurrence rate and finally improve quality of life.