维持性血液透析患者症状经历的调查研究

Symptom experiences among maintenance hemodialysis patients:a cross-sectional study

目的基于不适症状理论,调查维持性血液透析患者的症状经历,并在此基础上探讨不同人口学资料和疾病特征对患者症状经历的影响。方法采用横断面调查法,便利抽取符合入选标准的北京市某三级甲等医院血液净化中心125例维持性血液透析患者,使用自行编制的一般资料调查表和改编的透析症状量表对患者进行问卷调查。结果维持性血液透析患者平均经历10个症状,其中以疲乏、瘙痒、易醒、皮肤干燥和口干最为常见。肾性骨病、高血压、冠心病、高钾血症等对症状的发生频率、严重程度、困扰程度均有影响,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论维持性血液透析患者普遍经历多种不适症状,由于人口学资料和疾病特征的差异,不同患者症状的发生频率、严重程度和困扰程度亦不尽相同。因此,全面而准确的症状评估对于血液透析患者至关重要。

Objective To explore symptoms experienced by maintenance hemodialysis（HD） patients based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms （TOUS）,and to compare them by different demographic and clinical factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 125 HD patients was recruited from the dialysis center of a tertiary hospital in Beijing. Patients were asked to complete the adapted Dialysis Symptom Scale. Results An average of 10 symptoms were experienced by HD patients,with feeling tired or lack of energy,itching,trouble staying asleep,dry skin the highest prevalence. Patients with hyperkalemia,renal osteopathy or hypertension were more likely to report higher frequency,severity and bother on account of the total symptom score. Conclusion HD patients experience multiple symptoms that can be frequent,severe and bothersome. Interventions should be developed to reduce symptom burden.