水胶体敷料在结核菌素试验水疱患者局部应用的效果评价

Effect of local application of hydrocolloid dressings on blisters caused by tuberculin tests

目的探讨水胶体敷料在结核菌素试验水疱患者局部应用的效果研究。方法将61例结核菌素试验72h后出现水疱的患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组(n=31例)和对照组(n=30例)。实验组使用水胶体敷料进行粘贴;对照组按常规护理方法使用无菌纱布覆盖。定期观察与记录两组患者疼痛、瘙痒、肿胀的严重程度,测量硬结、水疱的大小,记录是否有换药、愈合,愈合后是否有瘢痕。结果两组第0天、3天、6天、9天的疼痛程度,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组第0天、3天、9天的瘙痒程度分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第6天瘙痒程度分级比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组第6天肿胀程度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组第9天硬结大小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组第6天、9天水泡大小比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组第0天、3天愈合时间、瘢痕情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第6天、9天愈合时间、瘢痕情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对结核菌素试验72h后出现水疱的患者,使用水胶体敷料局部敷贴,对局部皮肤肿胀、瘙痒、硬结、水疱效果满意,减少了换药次数,促进愈合,减少瘢痕形成,增加患者的舒适度。

Objective To explore the effect of hydrocolloid dressings on blisters caused by tuberculin tests in patients with tuberculosis. Methods A total of 61 patients who developed blisters after tuberculin tests within 72 hours were randomly divided into the control group（n=30） and the experimental group（n=31）. The control group was treated with the conventional nursing of sterile gauze. The experimental group was treated with hydrocolloid dressings. Complain of pain,itching and swelling were recorded,and the size of the induration and blister was mea- sured regularly. The status of dressing,healing and scarring was recorded. Results There was no statistical signifi- cance between the experimental and control groups in severity of pain on day 0,3 6 and 9（P〉0.05）. There was no statistical significance between groups in severity of itching on day 0,3 and 9 instead of on day 6. There was sta- tistical significance between groups in severity of swelling on day 6（P〈0.01）. There was statistical significance between groups in size of induration on day 9（P〈0.01）. There was statistical significance between groups in size of blisters on day 6 and 9（P〈0.01）. There was no statistical significance between groups in healing and scarring on day 0 and 3（P〉0.05）,but with statistical significance on day 6 and 9（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Local application of hydrocolloid dressings is effective to local skin swelling,itching,induration and blisters caused by tuberculin test, which reduces the frequency of changing dressings and promotes patients＇ comfort.