中古汉语“自”的词尾化历程及其动因与机制

Motivation,Mechanism and Suffixation Process of “Zi”in Medieval Chinese

"自"是中古时期最常用的副词词尾之一。在上古汉语中"自"最常用的用法是作己称代词,还可以作介词和副词。我们认为副词词尾的"自"是由其己称代词的用法发展而来的。"自"最初位于主语和谓语之间回指主语或表示动作行为由主语发出,随着语言的发展,"自"与主语之间的距离扩大,"自"的回指、强调功能减弱、消失,"自"成为一个悬空成分,受双音化趋势的影响,"自"依附于其前的副词性成分,降格为仅起凑足音节作用的词尾。在类推作用下,"自"的构词功能进一步增强,呈现出类化趋势,从而产生了一大批双音节副词。

＂Zi＂is one of the most commonly used adverb suffix in medieval times. In ancient Chinese,the most common use of ＂Zi＂is for the personal pronouns,prepositions and adverbs. We believe that the adverb suffix of＂ Zi＂is developed on the basis of its earlier usage of being personal pronouns. ＂Zi＂was originally placed between the subject and predicate which refers to the subject or the doer of the action is the subject,with the development of language,the distance between ＂Zi＂and subject is widened,its emphatic function was reduced and disappear,＂ Zi ＂become a suspending element. Influenced by the trend of bisyllablization,＂Zi＂is attached to the adverbial elements in front of it,and assume the role of syllable suffix. Under the effect of analogy,the word- formation function of＂Zi＂is further enhanced,showing a trend of generalization,thus producing a large number of double syllable adverbs.