论叶适对《诗》的史学解读

Discussing on Ye shi's Interpretation of the Book of Songs from Historical Angle

叶适认为,《诗》既是儒家经典,本质上又是史书,故对《诗》亦应从史学角度展开解读。他联系历史对小《序》进行辨误,试图还原诗教原貌;利用《诗》《序》、周史考补《诗》本事,意欲彰先圣教化,获得经世治国的教训与启示。叶适反对"孔子删诗说"显示了他对史实及《诗》文本的尊重。叶适以史解《诗》既为匡补汉、宋之学流弊,又反映了他兼顾经史、核义理与见事功并重的治学思路。叶适阐发的"经亦史"的观点代表了"永嘉学派"的经世致用观念,成为明清时期社会改革思潮的重要理论来源。

Ye Shi thought that the Book of Songs belonged to Confucian Classics, but it was a history book in essence. Therefore, it should be analyzed from historical perspective. He corrected some mistakes about Xiao Xu combining with history, attempted to re-store poem teaching′s original appearance. He investigated and supplemented content of the Book of Songs by using the Book of Songs, Xu, and Zhou period, intended to carry forward the humanization of ancient sages and achieve the lessons about management of the country. Ye Shi opposed the remark of Confucius′s Deleting the Book of Songs, which indicated his respect of history and the Book of Songs. Ye Shi′s proving poems by historic literature corrected Han Leaning and Song Leaning. And, it reflected his research methods：consider the classics and history, as well as pay equal attention on meaning and utilitarianism. The view of Confucian Classics Being History and practical principle of Yongjia School became the important theoretical source of social reform thoughts in Ming and Qing pe-riods.