计及电池动态损耗的电动汽车有序充放电策略优化

Orderly Charging and Discharging Strategy Optimization for Electric Vehicles Considering Dynamic Battery-wear Model

目前电动汽车通过电动汽车入网(V2G)技术向电网放电时,计算电池总损耗模型过于简单,无法准确反映电池的损耗。为此,基于电池放电特性曲线,文中利用电池放电动态容量衰减模型,得出在不同剩余电量下释放相同电量对电池损耗有较大差异的结论。在以配电网变压器容量为约束的前提下,建立了计及电池损耗的有序用电用户充放电费用最小模型及相应的充放电策略;并采用优先顺序法将多时段优化问题转化为各时段最优问题,实现该模型的求解。仿真算例结果表明该方法不仅可以有效保障放电用户利益,同时能够提高充电站利润及无序用电用户充电成功率。

When electric vehicles（EVs）discharge to the grid through vehicle-to-grid（V2G）technology,existing models for calculating battery wear are too simple to accurately reflect the battery wear.Therefore,a dynamic capacity fading model for battery discharge is used based on the battery discharge characteristics.Then the conclusion that battery wear differs a great deal when the battery releases the same amount of power under different SOCs is drawn.Taking the capacity constraints of distribution transformers into account,a model minimizing the charge-discharge fee of orderly electricity users is developed,as is the corresponding charge and discharge policy.In order to solve the model,the priority list method is adopted to transform the multi-period optimization problem into an optimization problem of each period.The results show that the method is effective not only for protecting the interests of discharging users,but also for increasing the profits of charging stations and the success rate of disorderly charging users.