高速列车齿轮箱线路测试与异常振动分析

Line Test and Abnormal Vibration Analysis of High-speed Train Gearbox

针对高速列车实际运用中大量发现齿轮箱裂纹情况,对其进行动应力和加速度线路实际测试,并根据测试数据,分析得到大小齿轮箱连接处底部是齿轮箱应力薄弱部位,且踏面磨耗状态对于齿轮箱动应力过大有直接关系。利用振动频谱分析方法分别对轴箱、齿轮箱低速端和齿轮箱高速端的数据进行分析,并对轴箱和齿轮箱加速度数据和关注测点的动应力数据进行相关性分析,结果表明:在车辆运行过程中,车轮20阶多边形导致的激励频率与齿轮箱固有频率接近,引起齿轮箱箱体发生共振,最终导致齿轮箱箱体振动剧烈。

A large of number of cracks was found in the gear box of high speed train.The actual test of dynamic stress and acceleration were taken on the line.According to the test data and analysis,the bottom of joint part by big gear box and small gear box was the weak part.And tread wear condition was directly related to the oversize dynamic stress of gear box.The data of axle box,big gear box and small gear box was analyzed by using method of vibration spectrum.And the correlation analysis was done among the acceleration data of axle box and gearbox and dynamic stress data of weak part.The results show that in the running process of the vehicle,the excitation frequency caused by the wheel polygonization with 20 vertexes is close to the natural frequency of the gearbox.In that case,gearbox resonance occurs,and finally the vibration of gearbox is intense.