高等教育来华留学生的变化趋势研究——基于近十五年统计数据的分析

On Changing Trends of China's Foreign Students of Higher Education——An Analysis of Statistic Data of the Past 15 Years

近十几年来,高等教育来华留学生总体数量增长显著,亚洲生源始终占据主体地位;汉语言专业留学生"长盛不衰",文学、医学、工科、经济与管理专业学生规模日益壮大;学历生比例日渐上升,获奖学金学生占比偏低,并日益向学历生倾斜。目前,来华留学教育存在市场份额偏小,学历留学教育对欧美国家学生缺乏吸引力,高层次留学生比例偏低,汉语言专业留学教育以短期培训为主等不足。为提升"留学中国"的吸引力,建议提升高等教育国际化水平,打造一批世界知名院校和学科专业群;构建更为宽松的奖学金和留学生就业制度;建立和培育若干"世界优质高等教育资源中心"、"区域留学教育集中区"。

In the past 15 years, the number of China＇s foreign students for higher educa- tion had been increasing obviously, with students from Asia taking the most portions; students majoring in Chinese had been abounded, and the numbers of students majoring in literature, medicine, engineering, economics and management had been larger and larger; the portion of students for diploma education had been increasing, the portion of students with scholarship was relatively small, and scholarship favored students for diploma educa- tion. At present, there＇re such shortages as small portion of market share, diploma educa- tion lacking attraction for European and American students, small portion of high level students, and education of Chinese with short term training. In order to enhance the attrac- tion of ＂studying in China＂, it suggests to heighten higher education＇s international level, to try to cultivate a number of world renowned universities and professional disciplines, to cre- ate a more easing policy of scholarship and foreign student employment, to create some ＂o- verseas high quality higher education resource centers＂ and to cultivate some ＂regional over- seas education centers＂.