美国高校学生流动特点及其原因——基于《门户开放报告》的分析

American Universities Student Mobility:Attribution and Inspiration—Based on the Analysis of“Open Doors”

美国高等教育21世纪开始进入"全面国际化"阶段,学生流动成为高等教育国际化的重要表征。美国高校学生流动以"流入"为主,主要来自中国、印度和韩国等亚洲国家,大多流向加利福尼亚州、纽约州和德克萨斯州,他们倾向于选择能授予博士学位的院校,学习领域集中在经济与管理、工程学、数学与计算机科学及社会科学。美国出国学生中以大三、大四居多,时间绝大多数较短,主要流向英国、意大利和西班牙等欧洲国家,部分开始考虑中国、日本。美国积极推动高校学生流动的原因在于维护世界领导地位,增加公立高校经费和推动高等教育国际化。

American higher education turn into the comprehensive stage oI mternanonan- zation from the beginning of the 21st century, student mobility has become an significant characterization of internationalization of higher education. American universities students are given priority to inflow, those students mainly from Asian countries such as China, India and South Korea, most students tend to the state of New York, California and Texas and choose doctor awarded universities, they concentrate on the disciplines like economic and management, engineering, mathematics and computer science and social science. The Ameri- can abroad students are mostly junior and senior, most of the time are shorter, most students are inclined to European countries such as England, Italy and Spain, part of students think about Japan and China. America promote students＇ mobility due to maintai- ning world leadership, increasing public universities funding and promoting higher education internationalization.