广州购物中心时空演变及对城市商业空间结构的影响研究

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Malls in Guangzhou City and Its Impact on Urban Commercial Spatial Structure

以购物中心为研究对象,选择广州为案例地,采用Arc GIS和SPSS软件进行空间属性表达和统计分析,探讨购物中心时空演变特征及与城市商业空间结构的关系,得出以下结论:广州购物中心数量及规模增长呈现出周期性和跳跃性的特征,购物中心的分布主要集聚于中心城区,其空间分布格局正逐步由集聚中心城区向集聚与扩散并存的方向发展。从购物中心时空演变的影响因素分析,人口规模与购物中心数量及规模存在显著的正相关性,购物中心空间布局的交通指向性明显,购物中心时空演变还受城市空间发展战略、城市用地结构调整影响较大,而消费者一站式购物、体验消费趋势也对购物中心空间布局以及经营产生重要影响。最后,探讨了购物中心发展对城市商业空间结构的影响。购物中心发展促进城市商业中心等级体系呈现扁平化,有利于城市多中心商业空间结构体系的形成,与此同时,购物中心也影响了城市商业业态结构,提升了商业中心现代化水平。

Commercial space is typical of concentration of various activities, and thus always has great impacts on urban development and the evolution of spatial structure. The research on commercial space is a very important domain in Urban Geography, among which the impacts of shopping malls on the structure of urban commercial space has gradually been focused on by some scholars recently. Employing the software of Arc GIS and SPSS to conduct spatial and statistic analysis, respectively, this article explores the spatial-temporal patterns of the development of shopping malls in Guangzhou City and their relationship with the change of urban commercial spatial structure. The following conclusions have been drawn from the research： Firstly, the increase in the number and scale of shopping malls takes on a cyclical and jumping pattern, which is closely related to urban development. As to the spatial pattern, they originally concentrated in the urban center and gradually diffuse outward to the urban outskirts over time. Analysis of the elements underlying the spatial-temporal evolution of shopping malls reveals that population size is positively correlated with the number and scale of shopping malls, while correlation between population density and distribution of shopping malls is not obvious. Their locations almost coincide with the places with good transportation accessibility. The location of metro stations greatly influence the spatial distribution of shopping malls. Secondly, the spatial-temporal pattern of shopping malls is also greatly determined by the government＇s strategy over urban spatial structure and the change in land uses. Thirdly, the rising of the commercial style of one-stop and experiential consumption also imposes large impact on the pattern. Finally, the paper examines the impacts of the development of shopping malls on urban commercial spatial structure. A flat ranking system of urban commercial centers has been brought about by the development of shopping malls, promoting the formation of polycentric urban commercial system and the upgrading of commercial levels. Based on the above analysis, the paper has some implications for the location choice of shopping malls in Guangzhou. Constrained by limited land, traffic congestion, etc., the number of shopping malls in Guangzhou will not increase too much. The growth of population size and improvement in traffic infrastructures will be conducive to the development of shopping malls in the inner side of suburb area. In the outer side of suburbs, the strong radiation of shopping malls can be taken advantages to advance the commercial environment. The city government can guide the orderly development of shopping centers based on different regional characteristics.