施用硅肥对黑皮甘蔗产量和品质的影响

Effect of Silicate Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Sugarcane Plants

在广东大宝山缺硅的农田进行了硅肥施用对甘蔗产、质量影响的研究。通过不同施肥量及不同施肥方式的对比研究,结果表明,施用硅肥能显著提高甘蔗（黑皮果蔗）的产量,在硅肥施用量375~1500kg/hm2的区间内,随着硅肥施用量的增加,甘蔗产量增加效果显著,增产幅度为9.6%~26.7%,最高可增产甘蔗40.5 t/hm2;另外,施硅肥能提高甘蔗的糖分,在施用量375~1500 kg/hm2的施用量区间,蔗汁糖分增加的幅度为0.3%~2.0%（绝对值）;田间调查还显示,施用硅肥对甘蔗株高及有效茎数影响不大,但能增加甘蔗的茎径0.24~0.64 cm,并使叶片较为直立,生长后期顶叶较为青翠,能使光合作用更为合理;在同样的施肥量下,采用基肥＋追肥的施用方式,其增产、提质的效果优于一次性基施的效果。

The study was carried out on the yield and quality of sugarcane with the application of silicate fertilizer to the silicon-deficient farmland located in Dabaoshan, Guangdong Province. The results showed that with the increase of fertilizer application in the range of 375~1500 kg/hm2, the yield increased significantly by 9.6%~26.7% with the maximum yield increase of 40.5 t/hm2. In addition, application of silicon fertilizer increased the sugar content by 0.3%~2.0% within the application of fertilizer in the range of 375~1500 kg/hm2. Field survey showed that the application of silicate fertilizer exerts little effect on the sugarcane plant height and stalk number, but increase the stalk diameter by 0.24~0.64 cm and make the leaf erect and greener for photosynthesis in the later growth stage. Application of silicate fertilizer with basal and topdressing showed higher yield and higher sugar content when compared with single basal application under the same amount of silicate fertilizer.