长江上游流域水电开发现状与存在的问题

Research on the Status and Problems of the Upper Yangtze River Hydropower Development

流域水利开发促进了流域经济社会快速发展,也对流域生态系统产生了各种负面影响.长江流域的水电开发已从三峡上溯到金沙江及其它上游支流.该文在大量文献调研的基础上,对长江上游流域水电开发现状进行梳理,采用excel统计软件和Arc GIS地理信息系统软件,以统计图表形式予以清晰表达.研究表明:长江上游流域水电开发规模大、梯级密、水坝高,举世罕见.由于政出多头,加上急功近利,流域开发正在突破生态环境许可界限;布局密集加上高坝大库,地质风险巨大;密如繁星的水电站将面临蓄水不满而影响实际经济效益;大规模水电开发带来的生态负面影响已经开始突显.据此提出:长江上游水电开发应该在生态友好理念的指导下,在追求正面效益的同时,最大程度地降低其不利影响,以达到自然生态环境和民族文化遗产保护与水力资源开发利用多赢.

River basin water conservancy and hydropower development have been promoting basin economy growth and benefiting human society,while causing all kinds of negative influence on river basin ecosystem. The center of Yangtze River basin hydropower development moved from the Three Gorges upstream to Jinsha River and upstream tributaries. This paper,on the basis of plentiful literature researches,clears up the present situation of upper Yangtze River basin hydropower development,using excel statistical software and Arc GIS geographic information system software clearly enumerated in the form of statistical graph. The research shows that： in the upper Yangtze River basin hydropower station construction and exploitation,the scale of construction,the height of dams,the density of steps,are unmatched in the world. As disordered multi- authorities and pursuing quick success and instant benefits,environment permit limits are being exceeded by watershed development. There is a huge geological risk as dense layout with dams and large reservoirs. The actual economic benefits of the basin flushed with hydropower are affected because of water dissatisfaction. Ecological impacts brought by a large- scale water development have begun to highlight as the environment influence appraisement lag and incomplete paperwork. Therefore,this paper proposes that the upper Yangtze River hydropower development should be guided by the concept of eco- friendly,with the pursuit of positive results,its adverse effects should be minimized,thereby we can seek a win- win solution in the natural ecological environment protection,cultural heritage protection and the water resource development.