海底钻机的国内外研究现状与发展趋势

Current research and development trends of seabed drill rig

海底钻机以其钻探成本低、效率高,样品扰动小、易保压,设备体积小、易操作和船舶适应性强等优点,已经成为海底资源勘探、海洋地质调查和海洋科学考察不可或缺的重要技术装备,得到了世界各海洋强国的重视和应用.本文结合海底钻机的发展历程和应用现状,对以适水深度、钻探深度、取样方式、多功能化、智能化为评价标准的前后四代海底钻机进行了综述分析,并对部分代表性机型进行了详细描述,之后从钻探深度与取芯直径、多模式钻进与取芯方式、设备状态的智能化监控、多功能井下与井口监测技术、甲板支持系统与船舶适应性等5个方面提出了海底钻机的发展趋势.

Seabed Drill Rig, for its advantage of low cost, high efficiency, small disturbance of core sample, easy to keep pressure, small size, easy to operate and good ship adaptability, etc. become an important technical equipment of seabed resource exploration, geological survey and scientific investigation, and also gain attention and application of all marine power country. Combined with its development and application, around four generation of seabed drill rig were summarized and analyzed as the evaluation criteria of water depth, drilling depth, coring methods, multi -function, intelligent, etc. and some representative drill rigs also were described in detail. And at last, five development trends were put forward from drill depth and core diameter, multi - mode drilling and coring way, intelligent monitoring of equipment status, multi - monitoring of downhole and wellhead, support system and deck suitability, etc.