不同年龄和营养水平下驴肥育性能测定

Evaluation on Performance of Fattening Donkey with Different Ages and Nutrition

选择断奶佳米驴、1．5岁驴及当地成年退役驴70头，用传统饲料或全价料加不同粗料肥育，分7个小群，饲喂63d或113d。结果表明，63d日增重1．5岁驴（444．44～560．16）g，成年退役驴（611．11～670．15）g，断奶驴为（185．17～292．86）g；83d日增重，1．5岁驴（423．42～566．08）g，成年退役驴（493．75-562．00）g．5岁驴日增重，以A2全价料加部分苜蓿效果好，与传统料A1群差异极显著（P〈0．01），与全价料不加部分苜蓿而加青贮A3群差异显著（P〈0．05）。优质肉比例，饲养63d断奶驹平均为57．03％，饲养113d，1．5岁佳米驴平均为57．52％，成年退役驴平均为61．92％。1．5岁驴和成年退役驴，屠宰率分别为，43．37％～50．94％，46．64％～50．63％；净肉率分别为34．85％～38．32％，36．03％～36．14％；骨肉比3．19％～4．02％，4．00％～5．45％：脂肉比20．70％～22．65％，4．09％～8．01％n皮厚和皮重，饲养63d断奶驴分别为（0．60～0．75）cm，（8127～9．00）kg；肥育113d1．5岁佳米驴分别为（0．79～0．99）cm，（9I50～10．33）kg，退役成年驴分别为（0．85～1．04）cm，（10．00～11．60）kg，呈现皮厚随年龄增厚，皮重随年龄营养增重趋势。试驴内脏重量随年龄增大而增加，同龄不同营养群间内脏重量互有高低。试验认为，断奶驴不宜肥育肉用；成年退役驴以63d强度肥育较好：1．5岁驴可短期（63d，83d）强度肥育生产优质驴肉，或肥育数月生产高中档驴肉。

70 donkeys including Jiami weaning donkeys, 1.5 years old donkeys and local retired adult donkeys are divided into 7 groups and fed for 63 days or 113 days by traditional feed or complete feed with different content of roughages in winter.It is found that: for 63 days, the daily weight is(185.17~292.86) g,(444.44~560.16) g and(611.11 ~670.15) g respectively; At the stage of 83 days, the daily weight of 1.5 years old donkeys is 423.42 ~ 566.08 g, while it is(493.75 ~562.00) g in the adult donkeys. for the 1.5 years old donkeys, the A2 group fed by complete feed and Alfalfa shows significant higher daily gain than A1 group(P<0.01) fed by traditional feed and A3group(P<0.05) fed by complete feed and silage. After 63 days, the high quality meat percentage of the weaning donkeys is 57.52%, while it is 57.52% in 1.5 years old donkeys and61.92% in adult donkeys when they have been fed for 113 days. The slaughter rates are 43.37%~50.94% and46.64% ~50.63%; the net meat percentages are 34.85% ~38.32% and 36.03% ~36.14%; the flesh ratios are3.19%~ 4.02% and 4.00%~ 5.45%; the fat meat is 20.70%~22.65% and 4.09%~8.01%, in 1.5 years old and adult donkeys respectively. The skin thickness and tare weight are(0.60~0.75) cm and(8.27~9.00) kg in weaning donkeys fatten for 63 days, respectively, while they are(0.79~0.99) cm and(9.50~10.33) kg in 1.5years old donkeys fatten for 113 days, and(0.85~1.04) cm and(10.00~11.60) kg in adult donkeys fatten for113 days respectively. The results indicats that the skin thickness is positively correlated with age, and the tare weight is increasing with age and nutrition. The donkey visceral weight increases with age, visceral weight between different nutrition are different at the same age. The study shows that weaning donkey is not suitable for fattening. The adult donkeys revealed better fattening effect at 63 day. The 1.5 years old donkeys can be short-term fatted(63 days, 83 days) or fatted for several months to produce high quality meat.