不同种类的肥料对土壤质量和赤霞珠葡萄光合特性的影响

Effects of different kinds of fertilizers on soil quality and photosynthetic characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine

以5年生酿酒葡萄赤霞珠为试材,研究了有机肥(牛粪)、枯草芽孢杆菌、无机肥对其叶片光合特性和土壤理化性质、酶活性的影响。结果表明:牛粪+枯草芽孢杆菌处理的赤霞珠叶片蒸腾速率、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度四种光合指标优于牛粪+无机肥处理;土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量以及孔隙度都是在牛粪+枯草芽孢杆菌(1.0 kg/667m^2)处理下增加最多,其中速效磷含量呈极显著增加,且所有菌肥处理效果优于有机肥处理;同时,在0~20 cm土层中,蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶在牛粪+枯草芽孢杆菌(1.0 kg/667m^2)处理活性均最高,其中含量最高的是脲酶,且随着土层深度的增加四种酶活均降低,因此牛粪+枯草芽孢杆菌对土壤酶活的影响高于牛粪+无机肥处理。

The 5-year-old wine grape ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ as experimental material to study the effects ofdifferent fertilizer treatments on photosynthetic characteristics and soil quality. The results showed that theorganic fertilizer＋Bacillus subtilis treatments could significant increase the leaf photosynthetic indexes, includingtranspiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and tintercellular CO2 concentration, the effectwere better than other treatments; The soil nutrient content of Nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, organicmatter and soil porosity had significant increase by organic fertilizer＋Bacillus subtilis （1.0 kg/667m2） treatment,above of the five indexes, the phosphorus content was significant, indicated the microbial fertilizer treatments wasbetter than the inorganic fertilizer treatments. Meanwhile in the 0～20 cm soil layer, organic fertilizer＋Bacillussubtilis （1.0 kg/667m2） treatment significantly increased the activity of invertase, phosphatase, urease, catalase, andurease activity was the highest. Four enzymatic activities had reduced trend with soil depth. Overall, the mocrobialfertilizer treatments were better inorganic fertilizer.