黑格尔国家理念述要

A Review of Hegel's Concept of State

对于国家的哲学反思是黑格尔政治哲学的主要组成部分。以自由贯穿于法哲学的各个环节,黑格尔主张国家是具体自由的现实,自由的理念只有作为国家才是真实的。透视家庭、市民社会和国家辩证性的逻辑运动过程,黑格尔认为国家是伦理理念的现实,是统一个体独立性和普遍实体性的伦理精神。作为绝对自在自为的理性的总体,国家是地上的神物;国家不是历史上的现象,而是关于客观精神的理念;国家统摄并高于家庭和市民社会,是它们的真实基础。黑格尔的国家是理性与暴力的统一体,它是保守的、更是暴力的,具有集权主义的印痕。

The philosophical theory of the state is an important part of Hegel＇ s political philosophy. In Philosophy of Right, the ideaof right is freedom; the state is the embodiment of concrete freedom; the idea of freedom is in truth nothing but the state. The state, inwhich both individual independence and universal substantivity are found in gigantic union, is the realized ethical idea or ethical spirit,and the highest substantive ethical universal. The absolutely rational state is the ethical whole and the march of God in the world; as thetrue meaning and ground of the family and the civic community, it is not the phenomenon but the idea of the ethical spirit. Hegel＇ sstate is both rational and violent, so it has the inclination of totalitarianism.