藏茴香不同海拔高度的叶表皮结构比较

Comparative Study About the Epidermal Structure for Leaves of Carum carvi L. in Different Elevation

以藏茴香不同海拔高度的叶片为试材,采用改良过的过氧化氢-醋酸离析法对其进行上、下表皮切片制作,番红染色,中性树胶封片,并在奥特光学BK-5000（OPTEC-BK5000）显微镜下观察比较,探讨叶表皮结构与环境因子的关系。结果表明：生长于不同海拔高度的藏茴香叶片,上表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直、弓形,下表皮细胞形状为不规则形,垂周壁浅波状;气孔类型主要为不等细胞型,少数为横列型,散生于上、下表皮细胞当中;随海拔升高,上、下表皮细胞的形状无显著差别,气孔形状有长椭圆形与椭圆形2种;气孔随海拔升高而减小,向外突起程度增加,气孔密度随海拔升高总的来说呈增加趋势,只是在3 027~3 238m处略为减少,但二者之间没有显著差异。试验表明,这些特征是植物与环境相适应的结果。

Taking the leaves of Carum carvi on different altitudes as test material,the sections of upper and lower epidermis of Carum carvi leaves were made by modified epidermal maceration of H2O2-HAc,and safranine dyed,neutral gum mounted,then the epidermal structures were observed and compared using OPTEC-BK5000 optical microscope.The relation of the structure of leaf epidermis and environmental factor was preliminary explored.The results showed that,the cells of upper leaf epidermis were polygons,its anticlinal walls were straight,arch shape,and the cells of lower leaf epidermis were irregular,its anticlinal walls were sinuous.Stomatal type was anisocytic cell type more,minority was lateral direction type,and the stoma scattered across upper and lower epidermal cells.No significant difference was observed about the shape of upper and lower epidermal cells with the rising of the elevation.There were 2types of stomatal shape：long oval and oval.In general,the protruding degree of the stomatal appara-tus,stomatal density tends to increase with the rising of the elevation,and it had a slight reducing on 3 027-3 238 m,but there was no significant difference between them.The characteristic of upper and lower epidermis of Carum carvi leaves reflected plant adaptations for environment.