行政应急权对当事人行政诉权的威胁及其司法规制

Threat of Administrative Emergency Right to Interested Counterparty's Administrative Litigation Right and Its Judicial Regulation

行政主体行使行政应急权处置突发事件,能有效维护社会稳定,保障公共利益,但又容易忽视个体正义。目前,行政应急权概念之"滥"致行使之"乱",行政应急权规制上的立法与司法不协调,行政应急权对当事人行政诉权的不当限制以及司法审查路径的缺失,导致行政相对人权益难以保障。借鉴美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国的制度,从行政复议前置、受案范围、当事人资格、管辖制度、证明制度、变通执行制度、判决方式等方面系统构建应急行政诉讼制度,明确行政相对人拥有应急诉权,并启动应急行政诉讼,有利于平衡公共利益与行政相对人权益,让行政主体更好地应对司法审查,丰富法治政府之内涵,最终有力地保障行政相对人的合法权益,进一步完善我国行政诉讼制度。

Administrations can exercise administrative emergency power to effectively protect social stability, safeguard the interests of the public, but easily overlook the individual justice. At present, the concept of administrative emergency power is indiscriminate and in chaos, the control of the administrative emergency power on the legislative and judicial level is inharmonious, the unsuitable limits on parties＇ litigation rights and the lack of the path of judicial review lead to difficult protection of administrative counterparfs interests. References to the systems of United States, Canada and Australia, building emergency system of administrative litigation from preposing the administrative review, case range, party qualification, jurisdiction sys- tem, proved system, modifications implementation system,methods of judgment. Clearly elaboratingthat the parties has emer- gency litigation rights, and starting the emergency administrative litigation, can balance public interests and counterparfs interests and make administrative subjects react to judicial reviews more properly, enriching the connotation of the rule of law gow eminent, eventually protect counterpart＇s litigation rights powerfully, and perfect the system of administrative litigation.