骨细胞初级纤毛及其在机械信号转导中的作用

Osteocyte primary cilium and its role in bone mechanotransduction

骨细胞是矿化骨基质中的唯一细胞,在骨代谢中作为调控的"大脑",调节着成骨细胞的骨形成以及破骨细胞的骨吸收,骨细胞渐渐成为骨代谢研究的重点。然而,骨细胞在骨代谢中感受外界机械与化学信号的机制一直不明确。近年来研究表明,骨细胞初级纤毛(primary cilium)作为一种细胞表面的信号感受器官,不仅是感受外界机械信号刺激的"天线",而且是多种化学信号的受体及信号转导的集合器。本文综述了骨细胞初级纤毛的结构及其伴随细胞周期重建与解体的过程,着重讨论了初级纤毛在骨细胞机械信号以及其他化学信号转导中的作用,并展望了骨细胞初级纤毛的研究趋势。

Osteocytes are the only cells in mineralized bone matrix and can act as the ＂brain＂ of bone metabolic regulation, which regulate bone formation of osteoblast and bone resorption of osteoclast. Therefore, large numbers of researches have focused on the osteocyte recently. However, the molecular mechanisms utilized by cells to transduce biochemical signals and mechanotransduction are unknown. Recent studies have revealed that the osteocyte primary cilium not only acts as the ＂antenna＂ to sense external mechanical stimulation, but also as the receptors and acollector in variety of chemical signals in signal transduction. This review presents the microstructure and the building process of osteocyte primary cilium, and disscuses the role of osteocyte primary cilium in the mechanical signals and other chemical signal transduction. Finally, The possible researches in the future are discussed.