石菖蒲鲜、干药材及其不同部位中挥发油,α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚的含量比较

Comparison of Contents of Volatile Oil,α-Asarone and β-Asarone in Rhizomes and Leaves of Fresh and Dry Products of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma

目的:比较石菖蒲鲜、干药材及其根茎和叶中挥发油,α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚的含量,为该药材的加工和用药方式选样提供实验依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取石菖蒲挥发油,通过超声提取法提取α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚,利用HPLC测定石菖蒲鲜品和干品根茎、叶中α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚的含量,流动相水-甲醇(65∶35),检测波长257 nm。根据样品处理条件折算出α-细辛醚和β-细辛醚的质量分数并进行比较。结果:石菖蒲经烘干处理后挥发油含量降低,根茎中挥发油的含量较叶中的含量高。β-细辛醚在鲜药材和干药材根茎中的质量分数分别为2.81%和1.70%,在鲜药材和干药材叶中质量分数分别为0.90%和0.75%。α-细辛醚在鲜药材和干药材根茎中的质量分数分别为0.03%和0.02%,在鲜药材和干药材叶中的质量分数分别为0.05%和0.04%。结论:石菖蒲干、鲜药材中活性成分的差异较小,均适合药用;石菖蒲叶中的活性成分含量不可忽视,考虑到叶在全草中占较大的比重,建议石菖蒲可以全草入药。

Objective： To compare contents of volatile oil,α-asarone and β-asarone in rhizomes and leaves of fresh and dry products of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma,in order to provide experimental basis for reasonable appilication of this herb. Method： Volatile oil in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma was extracted by steam distillation,α-asarone and β-asarone in rhizomes and leaves were extracted by ultrasonic extraction method.HPLC was employed to determine contents of α-asarone and β-asarone with mobile phase of water-methanol （65 ： 35） and detection wavelength at 257 nm. Result： The content of volatile oil in fresh products was markedly higher than that in dry products,this index in rhizomes was higher than that in leaves.Contents of α-asarone and β-asarone in fresh products was higher than that in dry products,the content of α-asarone in leaves was higher than that in rhizomes,the content of β-asarone in rhizomes was higher than that in leaves. Conclusion： Difference of active ingredients between dry and fresh products is small,both of them can be used in medicine.Contents of active ingredients in leaves can not be ignored,allowing for a large proportion of leaves in the whole herb,leaves of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma could be used in medicine.