再论汉语名词性并列结构的“欧化”说

More on the Europeanization of Chinese NP Coordination Constructions

既有研究认为现代汉语名词性并列结构省略型的急速增长和完整型、多并列符混合式的消失都是"欧化"的结果。此看法预设了两个前提:1)印欧语,特别是和汉语接触密切的西欧语言,只使用省略型而不使用完整型和多并列符混合式;2)使用上述结构的旧白话文是"欧化"的基础。两个前提成立都有困难,因而将后两类结构的消失归结为"欧化"不准确。新白话文的来源不仅包括旧白话文,也包括文言和官话方言因素。将官话方言特别是北方官话看作"欧化"的基础可以更好地解释汉语名词性并列结构在汉语和印欧语接触过程中的表现:北方官话中不使用上述两类结构,母语特征"负迁移",使习得者忽略了印欧语中完整型的存在,因而完整型在新白话文中极为少见;汉语和印欧语都有的省略型在新白话文中急速发展,这是汉语使用者在印欧语影响下对汉语既有结构选择的结果,一定程度上体现了母语特征的"正迁移"。

The previous studies on Chinese NP coordination constructions tended to believe that the extinction of both the multiple coordinants monosyndetic NP coordination constructions in the complete forms and the mixed type NP coordination constructions formed by multiple coordinants and multiple coordinators is a result of Europeanization of Chinese. This view presuposed two premises： the first premise is, such kinds of NP coordination constructions as the ones mentioned above are not used in the Indo-European languages, especially western Europe languages; the second premise is that the old ＂vernacular＂（ 白话）used before ＂May 4th＂ is the base of Europeanization of Chinese NP Coordination Constructions. A new investigation in this paper shows that this view is untanable. It is argued that Mandarin dialects is the base of the Europeanization process. In Mandarin dialects, there was no such kind of NP Coordination Constructions as mentioned before. It was the negative transfer of the features of the Western learners’ mother tongues made them neglect the existence of the complete form of the multiple coordinants monosyndetic NP eoordination constructions, and cause to the disappearance of the constructions. The similarity between Mandarin Chinese and English lead to the boom of the ellipsis form of the multiple coordinants monosyndetic NP coordination constructions in the new ＂vernacular＂. This can also be considered as a positive transfer of the Chinese speakers’ mother tongue.