农村失能老人生活样态与养老服务选择意愿研究——基于东北农村的调查

Research on The Choice of Pension Services of Disabled Elders in Rural Areas

当下中国60岁以上失能或半失能老人近4千万,占老年总人口的19.5%。由于失能老人大部分生活在经济落后、服务发展水平比较差的农村地区,他们生活困苦,没能同正常人一样分享社会经济发展成果。文章在调查失能老人的养老意愿和养老需求的基础上,分析了造成失能老人养老困境的原因,并提出解决失能老人的养老服务问题的路径。除了应该构建以机构养老为主体、社区照料为依托、居家养老为基础的服务体系之外,还应该建立针对失能老人的特惠制度,建成以政府为主导、民间资本和慈善组织积极参与的养老责任体系,基本养老金与特殊津贴共同发挥作用的收入保障体系,医疗保险管护体系,以满足失能老人基本需要,保障失能老人的权益。

In China nowadays,aged over 60 disable elders are nearly 4 million,accounting for 19. 5 percent of the population of older. Due to most of the disable elders living in economically disadvantaged rural areas,they live a poor life,not like normal person who share the fruits of social and economic development. The paper analyzes the reasons for the difficulty,and proposes the way to solve the problem of pension services of disable elders. We should build the service system which is based on the main body,the community care,and the home care system,should also be established for disabled elderly preferential system,built by the government for leading,private capital organizations to actively participate in pension liability system,basic pension and the special allowance together play a role for income security system,medical insurance management and maintenance system. To meet the basic needs of the disabled elderly,to protect the interests of the elderly.