元代徽州童蒙教育探析

Enlightening Education for Children in Huizhou Reigion during the Yuan Dynasty

元代徽州童蒙教育发展突出,机构数量众多、形式多样,形成以私学为主体的多元化格局;大批理学家从事蒙学教育,不少大儒亦参与其中,出现了塾师的群体化和职业化趋势;编纂了数量丰富、水平较高的学术著作与蒙学教材;理学思想内容成为蒙学的主导思想与核心内容,于理学社会化与民间化发挥了关键性的作用。究其原因,既是宋代以来社会与文化教育发展的惯性使然,而元朝廷鼓励设立小学书塾、科举废兴对士子心态之影响以及士人身份变化、理学思想浸润、教育家对童蒙教育地位重要性的认识等均是重要的推动因素。

With large numbers of organizations and various forms,enlightening education for children were quite prosperous in the Yuan dynasty.Private schools were the main forms of multi-educational patterns of that times.Private teachers,including many Neo-Confucians,even the famous ones,were grouped and professional.They compiled many academic works and initiatory textbooks.Neo-Confucianism became the leading principle and main contents of enlightening education for children,which facilitates the folk transformation and popularization of Neo-Confucianism,due to not only the trend of social and cultural development since the Song dynasty,but also the governmental encouragement of private primary education organizations,the influence of imperial examination system on students,students＇ identity shift,the influence of Neo-Confucianism,and educators＇ recognition of the significance of enlightening education for children.