再生水灌溉对土壤和葡萄品质的影响

Effects of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil and Quality of Grape

2011—2013年,经过3年小区实验,分析了再生水灌溉对土壤和葡萄品质的影响。实验结果表明,再生水区的土壤总氮、总磷和有机质的含量呈现低于清水对照区的趋势,而硝态氮与碱解氮含量却高于清水对照区。再生水灌溉区土壤Cd含量高于清水对照区,而Pb、Cu的含量均低于清水对照区。土壤中重金属有一定的积累现象,但均未超出《土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—1995)》中的重金属限量值,说明短期再生水灌溉未造成土壤重金属污染。再生水灌溉在一定程度上能提高葡萄的产量,但对葡萄的品质未产生有利的影响。3年实验中,再生水灌溉区葡萄的重金属含量低于清水灌溉区,说明短期再生水灌溉对葡萄重金属含量的影响不大。研究表明再生水可以用作灌溉用水,但再生水中重金属对环境的影响是长期的、积累的、复杂的,要确保再生水灌溉的安全还需进一步研究。

The study analyzed the effects of reclaimed water irrigation on soil and quality of grape through three years of experiment from 2011 to 2013. The experimental results showed that the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in reclaimed water area were lower than that in the control area, while the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available nitrogen were higher than in the control area. The content of soil Cd in reclaimed water irrigation district was higher than that in the control area, but the contents of Cu and Pb were lower than that of the control area. The heavy metals in soil had a certain accumulation phenomenon, but they did not exceed the limited value of heavy metals in Soil Environmental Quality Standard （GB 15618--1995）, indicating that short-term reclaimed water irrigation did not cause heavy metal pollution in soil. Reclaimed water irrigation could increase the yield of grape in a certain extent, but the quality of the grapes was not favorable. In the three years test, the contents of heavy metals in reclaimed water irrigation district of grapes were lower than fresh water irrigation district, which showed that the short-term reclaimed water irrigation had little effect on the heavy metal content of grape. Studies have shown that reclaimed water can be used for irrigation water, but the effect of heavy metals on environment is long-term, accumulation, complex in reclaimed water. It needs to be further studied to ensure the safety of reclaimed water irrigation.