我国精准扶贫政策及其创新路径研究

Research on the Targeted Measures of Poverty Alleviation and Its Innovative Ways in China

精准扶贫是新时期我国扶贫开发战略的重大转型。文章在梳理我国贫困治理政策演变过程及趋向的基础上,总结了当前我国扶贫开发面临的问题和挑战,阐述了实施精准扶贫政策的必然性和重要性,论述了精准扶贫政策核心要义、内容体系及其对世界反贫困理论的发展和创新之处,阐明了精准扶贫的科学内涵。科学分析了精准扶贫政策实施过程中存在的问题和现实困境,从精准识别、精准管理、相关配套制度改革等方面提出了精准扶贫政策创新路径。

The targeted measures is a significant transformation of the poverty alleviation policies in China. This paper reviewed the evolution of the poverty alleviation policies since 1978＇s reform, and found out the current situation and challenges for poverty-alleviation practice. Based on the foregoing, the necessary and importance of the targeted measures were explained, and the core concept and main contents of the measures were given out. The Core Concepts for the targeted measures of poverty alleviation is ＂helping the real poverty, helping the poverty really＂. It is opposite to the extensive measures of poverty alleviation, which targeted polices and measures to each poor family. The targeted measure aimed to solve the poverty radically by directly help down to every poor people. The targeted measures include four contents, accurate identification of poverty, precisely measures to home, accurate management and precise achievement assessment. It was found that the targeted measures not only be suited for China＇s poverty-alleviation practice but also developing the world anti-poverty theory. According to field survey and farmers interview, we explored the main problems and difficulties during the process of the targeted measure implementation, such as identified poverty, accurate management for each poor people. It is difficult to identify each poor people within a short time. The criterion of identification is too single to identify the complicated factors of poverty. It is short of the dynamic management and assessment mechanism, so that there is only the reduction of poor people but the returning poverty. There were more 80 department taking part in the Poverty alleviation project, it is a big challenge to communicate with and co-ordinate the concerning departments. These directly cause the problem of low efficiency in resource and capital allocation. In the end, the approaches to policy innovation were discussed, which included bettering the method for identification, reinforcing dynamic management of poor people and deepening the reform of rural land system and financial system. Firstly, the government should improve the work of establishing card for archives, comprehensively mastering the ongoing situation of the poor family, and the technology of multidimensional poverty might be used for the poverty identification. Secondly, the system of dynamic management and assessment should be established, the government must pay attention to the problem of returning poverty and allow to take the returning poverty people as the help targets against. Thirdly, the paper suggest that the government should make a task list of poverty alleviation project, and clear their respective tasks for different departments, meanwhile the detail scheduled plan should be provided according to their tasks. Fourthly, the central government need to speed up the reform of rural land system, financial system and social security system, which are contributed to the targeted measures and release the development vigor of poverty-stricken area.