清末甘南藏族聚居区的法与社会秩序——基于光绪年间黑错与买吾的冲突为个案

The Law and Social Order in Gannan Tibetan Inhabited Areas in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末甘南藏族聚居区,番例、寺规、官谕与评议等适用于当地的、广泛意义上的"法",都不足以获得一种稳定的社会秩序或规范的共有状态。当地社会秩序具有极大的流动性。它的形成实际上是这样的一个过程:倡首者提出某种标准或方案,围绕这些标准或方案反复展开首唱与唱和,通过这种运动或尝试不断达成而又解体行为规范的共有状态。这种地域性社会秩序实际上是通过部落、寺院、官府及乡老等不同的组织或主体围绕"约"的行动,而呈现出一种对抗与整合的动态。

In Gannan Tibetan inhabited areas , those ＂Laws＂in a broad sense ,such as Fanli,rules of the temple,official order and review which were applicable to the local, were not sufficient to obtain a stable order or a norm of the total state, In the late Qing Dynasty. The local social order was very mobile. Its formation was actually such a process： the advocate proposed some standards or Solutions, around these standards or standards repeatedly initiate and echo, through this movement or attempt to achieve a common and disintegration of the behavior of the state. The regional social order present a kind of e dynamic of confrontation and integration around the ＂appointment＂,by the different tissues or bodies including the tribe, the temples, the government and the township senility.