社会学理论叙事的基础

The Foundation of the Theoretical Narration in Sociology

社会学理论的目标在于客观地展现社会事实,揭示社会复杂结构与演进规律。可从事实上看,任何社会学理论皆为理论家根据自己的认知对社会所做的叙事,是围绕其观点所进行的系统符号建构。由于理论家的观点、立场、视域、观看方式、观察视角不同,自在世界在其眼中呈现的形态各具特征,而其观看世界的方式、认知能力、精神活动机制、衡量存在的尺度以及判断事实的标准,在理论建构的过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用,最终造就了理论的千差万别。本文从观看与想象、对象世界与选择、事实与叙事、同质性与异质性、观念与形态、地图与疆域等方面,对社会学理论叙事的基础加以分析,为理解传统社会学、现代社会学与后现代社会学理论提供一种新的维度。

Sociological theories aim at displaying the social facts objectively,and revealing the complicated structures and the evolutionary laws of the society. However,every sociological theory is in fact a narrative about society by a sociologist based on his or her social cognition,and is no more than the systemic construction in symbol concerning his or her speculation. The world in itself manifests with different shapes in their eyes owing to their varied viewpoints,positions,horizons,ways of observation and perspectives. Their ways of looking at the world,their cognitive capabilities,their mental mechanisms,their measurements of the being and their criteria for judgment of facts,play an essential part in the process of forming theories,and determine the differences from one to another in theory. The text attempts to analyze the basic elements of narrative in sociological theory from the aspects of observation and imagination,objective world and selection,fact and narrative,homogeneity and heterogeneity,concept and form,map and territory,and opens up a new dimension for understanding the traditional sociology,the modern sociology and the post- modern sociology.