农业转型过程中的政府与市场——当代中国农业转型过程的动力机制分析

Market and State in the Agrarian Change: An Analysis of Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Contemporary China

本研究结合中国畜牧业和种植业领域近10年来的转型过程,以一个全国商品粮基地县种植业和畜牧业的转型过程为分析对象,从一个较为长周期的过程进行过程—事件分析,进而揭示农业转型过程中政府和市场两层动力机制是如何相互耦合、相互推进的。研究发现,当代中国农业转型的动力机制在于:在市场逻辑诱导下,粮食供给压力加大,国家从粮食安全的角度出发,实施了一系列的项目扶持,项目扶持的制度逻辑中蕴含着重构农业经营主体的逻辑,即在国家的干预过程中推动农业转型。尽管不同农业领域的变迁过程存在差异,但是大致遵循类似的逻辑,即市场逻辑与国家干预逻辑相互交织,相互耦合,市场逻辑是初始动因,而国家干预则在粮食安全的考量下,因应市场逻辑而动,进一步推动农业的转型。

This study examined the agricultural transformation process and dynamics of agrarian change in China in the past ten years. With a transformation process of farming and animal husbandry in a county of national commodity grain production base as our object of analysis,we conducted a process-event analysis with long process to reveal how interconnected and mutually promotive the two level dynamics of government and market are in the agrarian transformation. We found that the dynamics of the agrarian transformation in contemporary China as follows: under the logic of the market mechanism,under the increasing pressure on the food supply and starting from food security,the government has implemented a series of project support,and the system logic of such support contains the logic of restructuring agricultural management entities,that is,promoting agrarian changes or transformation with the state invention. Though there exist differences between the transformations in different agricultural fields,they follow the similar logic,that is,market logic and state invention logic are interwoven and interconnected,and the market logic is the initiative dynamic and the state intervention under the consideration of food security promotes the agricultural transformation according to the market logic.