竹笋专用肥对毛竹冬笋营养品质的影响

Effect of Special Fertilizer on Nutritional Composition of Winter Shoots of Phyllostachys heterocycla var.pubescens

施肥是毛竹笋用林集约经营的重要生产措施,为探明施用竹笋专用肥对冬笋营养品质的影响,研究分析了施用硫酸钾型竹笋专用肥(N:P:K=17:8:5)的竹林冬笋与不施肥冬笋之间营养品质的差异。结果表明:与不施肥的对照林分相比,施肥后竹笋的3大营养物质糖类、脂肪和蛋白质的含量都有显著的提高;单宁含量呈降低趋势;主要矿质元素中除Ca、Mg外,其他元素含量都呈增加趋势;纤维素和木质素含量大幅降低,改善了口感,也延长了笋体的贮藏时间;除天冬氧酸和谷氧酸外,测定的其他15种游离氧基酸含量都显著上升,人体必需氧基酸含量也随之增加。综合评价认为,施用竹笋专用肥能有效提高毛竹冬笋的营养价值,可为毛竹林经营管理提供有价值的参考。

Fertilization is an important production measure for intensive management of moso forest.In order to explore the function of applying special fertilizer on the improvement of nutritional composition in winter shoots of Phyllostachys heterocycla var.pubescens,a study was conducted to analyze the difference in nutritional composition between the winter shoots appolied with special fertilizer（N：P：K = 17：8：5） and the control group.The results showed that,compared to the control group,the content of soluble sugar,protein and fat in the fertilized shoots increased significantly;the content of tannin presented a downward trend;mineral elements rose in content except for Ca and Mg;cellulose and lignin decreased greatly,which will resultingly improve the taste and also extend the storage time of shoots;15 amino acids detected in shoots increased obviously while Asp and Glu went down.In summary,the application of special fertilizer was helpful to improve nutritional composition in shoots of Ph.heterocycla var.pubescens,which provides valuable references to the management of Moso forest.