自然灾害与元朝儒学教育

Natural Disasters and Confucian Education in the Yuan Dynasty

元朝儒学教育的发展之路坎坷不平,原因众说纷纭,但灾害无疑是影响其正常发展的重要因素。对儒学教育发展造成影响的常见灾害有风灾、水灾、火灾和旱灾,这些灾害不仅影响儒学设施和学田收入,而且也迫使师生进行重新选择,部分人就此中断了学业和教学。灾后,面对残破的学校,学官和官员均积极修复与重建,但重建费时费力,影响正常教学活动,故做好儒学的防灾工作尤为重要,元朝采取改变材质、设置水泮等措施预防灾害。事实上,在具体操作过程中,权势人员干涉等问题又制约了实际救灾效果。

Compared with other dynasties,the development of Confucian education was ill- fated in the Yuan Dynasty. As opinions vary,disaster is undoubtedly an very important factor. Impacting on Confucian education development of the common disasters has storm,flood,fire and drought,these disasters not only affect the income of teaching facilities and the land for study,but also have a choice between teachers and students,some of them interrupted their studies and teaching. Faced with disaster,officers and education officers actively repaired and rebuilt,but the time- consuming rebuilding affected the normal teaching activities,therefore,it is particularly important to do a good job of disaster prevention of Confucianism. Yuan Dynasty taken to change the material,set the water Pan and other measures to prevent disasters. In fact,there are some problems such as power intervention impact the relief in the process of rebuilding.