关于设定地方立法审议制度的思考

Some Thoughts about Setting the Deliberative System for Local Legislation

2015年3月15日修改的《中华人民共和国立法法》明确设区的市、州可以对城乡建设与管理、环境保护、历史文化保护等方面的事项制定地方性法规;由于立法法并未就设区的市的人大常委会的审议制度作出"明文规定",因此设区的市在制定地方立法条例过程中,在如何规定常务委员会立法审议制度上,产生了较大的分歧。笔者认为对"三审制度"进行变通,可以选择"两审为一般,一审三审为例外"的审议制度(简称"两审制度"),不构成对上位法的违背或者抵触,且有利于节约立法资源、提高立法效率。

The newly revised ＂Legislation Law of the People’s Republic of China＂ stipulates that the cities and states can be empowered to formulate local regulations or laws in terms of urbanization and management, environmental protection and historical and cultural preservation. As there are no ＂hard rules＂ for the deliberative system of NPC Standing Committee of cities divided into districts, opinions differs greatly as to how to stipulate the legislative deliberative system in the process of formulating local laws and regulations.The author of this paper considers that the three-trial system may be altered slightly, namely, the system can be approached alternatively：the second trial can be regarded as general; the first and third trial can be regarded as exceptional, shortened as ＂two-trial system＂, which not only agrees with the upper law, but helps to improve legislation efficiency.