高同型半胱氨酸血症与神经疾病关系的研究进展

A Review of the Relationship between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Neurologic Disorders

同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)属于一种含硫非必需氨基酸,其主要由必需氨基酸蛋氨酸于代谢过程中产生。它的DNA生理代谢作用通过甲基化作用而产生,而此过程受到叶酸、维生素B6、维生素B12调控。同型半胱氨酸的生理水平主要受到饮食、维生素摄入及其水平的影响。高同型半胱氨酸血症(e Hcy)可由叶酸及维生素B12缺乏而产生。许多临床疾患中都存在有高同型半胱氨酸血症,其中包括心血管疾病、动脉硬化、心肌梗死、脑卒中、痴呆、帕金森病、多发性硬化及癫痫。许多实验室及临床研究也证实了同型半胱氨酸能对血管以及神经系统均有直接的毒性作用。本文就最近高同型半胱氨酸血症在各种神经疾病中可能发挥的作用研究作一综述。

Homocysteine （ Hcy ） is a sulfur-containing amino acid which is generated during methionine metabolism.It proceeds with DNA physiological metabolism via methylation, a process governed by the regulation of folate, vitamins B6 and B12. Physiologic Hcy levels are primarily determined by dietary intake and vitamin status. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy （ eHcy ） can be caused by the deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate, or a combination thereof.eHcy has been observed in several medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, Parkinson＇s disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Lots of laboratories and clinical studies showed evidences of exertions of Hcy, especially eHcy, that directed toxic effects on both the vascular and nervous systems.This article provides a review of the current literature on the possible roles of eHcy relevant to various neurologic disorders.