辽宁省一般人群血和尿中铅水平研究

Lead levels in blood and urine of general population and their distribution features in Liaoning Province

目的调查辽宁省一般人群血和尿中铅水平,分析其分布特点。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,2009—2010年在辽宁省东部、西部和中部抽取2105名6~60岁人群为调查对象,分别采集血液和尿液样品,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测血和尿液中铅水平,并分析年龄、性别和区域对血和尿中铅水平的影响。结果辽宁省一般人群全血中铅的几何均数为29.04μg/L,男性和女性分别为35.11、24.33μg/L（Z=-18.5,P〈0.01）,东、中、西部人群分别为30.59、27.27和29.43μg/L（χ2=21.58,P〈0.01）,吸烟和不吸烟人群分别为42.28、27.46μg/L（Z=-11.52,P〈0.01）,饮酒和不饮酒人群分别为40.39、27.89μg/L（Z=-8.82,P〈0.01）;一般人群尿铅的几何均数为3.22μg/L,男性和女性分别为3.37、3.08μg/L（Z=-1.96,P=0.05）;东、中、西部人群分别为3.21、2.22和4.74μg/L（χ2=297.71,P〈0.01）。结论辽宁省一般人群血铅和尿铅水平存在性别及地区差异,并与吸烟和饮酒有关。

Objective To investigate the levels of lead（ Pb） in blood and urine among general population in Liaoning Province,and find out their distribution features. Methods A total of 2105 subjects aged 6—60 years were recruited in eastern,central and western regions of Liaoning Province from 2009 to 2010 by cluster random sampling method,and the blood and urine samples were collected. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collected the information about living environments and health conditions,inductivelys coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS） was applied for detection of Pb levels in samples,and the distribution features of Pb in blood and urine of different among ages,genders,areas and life habits were analyzed as well.Results It was showed that the geometric mean（ GM） of blood Pb in general population of Liaoning Province was 29. 04 μg / L;the GM of blood Pb in male and female groups were 35. 11 and 24. 33 μg / L（ Z =-18. 5,P〈0. 01）,respectively; its GMs in eastern,central and western regions of Liaoning Province were 30. 59、27. 27 and 29. 43 μg / L（ χ2= 21. 58, P〈 0. 01）,respectively; the GM of blood Pb in smokers and non-smokers were 42. 28 and 27. 46 μg / L（ Z =-11. 52,P〈0. 01）,respectively;while the GM of blood Pb in drinkers and non-drinkers were 40. 39 and 27. 89 μg / L（ Z =-8. 82,P〈0. 01）,respectively. The GM of urine Pb in general population was 3. 22 μg / L; the GM in male and female were 3. 37 and 3. 08 μg / L（ Z =-1. 96,P =0. 05）,respectively; while the values from eastern,central and western Liaoning Province were 3. 21,2. 22 and 4. 74 μg / L（ χ2= 297. 71,P〈0. 01）,respectively. Conclusion The results suggested that there are some gender and regional differences in Pb levels in blood and urine in Liaoning Province,which might be related to smoking and drinking.