鹿胎消费与宋人的环保意识

Killing,Demand and Prohibition:a Luxury of Song Dynasty——the Consumption and Motivation of Deer Fetus

"鹿胎"是指尚未出生的幼鹿之皮,用这种鹿皮制成的冠子或饰品具有精巧、外形美观及冬暖夏凉的特点,主要出产于川蜀一带。宋代时消费量巨大,而各阶层的消费动因则有所差别,统治阶层除了自己使用以显示其尊贵身份外,还主要用于祭祀、封禅、赏赐及"乞和"北方少数民族政权;普通民众则是为了提高身份地位;文人士子阶层则是因为爱梅。通过对鹿胎消费情况的考察,认为宋人并未形成明确而自觉的环保意识,统治者禁止捕杀生灵的禁令约束力有限。日益增长的社会需求和不合理的消费观念不仅是残杀野生动物的主要动因,还是促使禁令失效的关键。

Deer fetus is the skin of the unborn fawn,which has mainly produced around the area of Sichuan Province. The headgears and the accessories maked by deer fetus have such features as delicacy,nice appearance and cool in summer and warm in winter. Although the consumption of deer fetus is great in Song Dynasty,but the motivation of various sections of society is different. The ruling class not only used Deer fetus for Highlighting their distinguished status,but also for Sacrifice,Fengshan,granting a reward and suing for peace with the northern minority regimes. The common people use it to enhance their social status and the Intellectuals use it because they love plum. Thus according to the investigation of the consumption situation of deer fetus,we can find that the people of Song Dynasty did not form a clear and consciousness of environmental protection consciousness,the binding of the prohibition which is maked by ruling class has limited effect. The increasing social demand that is not merely the main reason of killing wildlife,but the key to prompt the failure of the ban.