中国城市电子商务发展水平空间分布特征及影响因素

Study on the Influencing Factors and Spatial Distribution of Electronic Commerce Development Level in China's Cities

以2015年6月阿里研究院提供的中国294个地级及以上城市的电子商务发展指数为基础,运用空间分析法和多元线性回归,从省域和城市两个层级分析电子商务发展水平的空间分布特征,并探讨其影响因素。研究表明:1中国城市电子商务发展水平整体偏低,省域层级呈现出自东部沿海向西部内陆由高到低的阶梯状分布特征;城市层级东部沿海三大经济区与内陆之间、各省区主要地级市与次要地级市之间两种分异并存。2电子商务发展水平的等级规模结构呈现省域层面均衡分布,首位省区的垄断性较弱;城市层面发展水平差距较大。3城市电子商务主要处于"低网购—低网商"和"高网购—高网商"两种发展状态,电子商务发展的"两极化"现象比较严重。4热点集聚区主要集中在长三角、海峡西岸及珠三角经济区;冷点集聚区主要集中在甘肃、青海、新疆及云南部分地级市。5影响因素分析表明人口规模、受教育程度、信息化程度及信息基础设施是影响我国电子商务发展水平空间分布的主要因素;城市居民应用电子商务的水平受经济发展水平、受教育程度、信息化程度、信息基础设施影响显著;企业使用电子商务的水平则受人口规模、信息化程度及信息基础设施因素影响显著。

In the last decades, with the improvement of the public＇s awareness of shopping on line, development of economy, supported by the highly developed logistics and policy environment, the electronic commerce is developing rapidly in China, which is increasingly more and more important for social life and daily consumption of urban residents.Based on the data of E-commerce Development Index of 294 prefecture-level cities in China, which can reflect the level of e-commerce development, provided by Ali Research institute of Alibaba Group, this paper aims to reveal differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of the major cities and the factors influencing their development level, by means of using a comprehensive method of spatial analysis, Zipf theory and multiple regression. According to the research, three highlights are unveiled：（1） Overall the development of China＇s cities e-commerce is still at a low level, which shows the significant regional differences, with the eastern coastal cities higher than those in the western inlands. Moreover, the high e-commerce level tends to be distributed in comparatively higher-level cities, especially in the Yangtze River Delta with Shanghai and Hangzhou at the center and the Pearl River Delta with Guangzhou and Shenzhen at the center.（2） The distribution of e-commerce level obeys to the Zipf principle at provincial level, showing obvious double fractal structure.The development of e-commerce level shows the equilibrium distribution at provincial level, while the fractal structure is more complicated at city level. The e- commerce level in provincial cities and municipalities is mostly in either low shopping and less enterprise or high shopping and more enterprise, showing a clear polarized situation. The cities＇ ecommerce level features significant spatial agglomeration globally and locally.（3） The results of multiple regression show that the e- commerce level is highly relevant to the population size, education, informatization degree and information infrastructure. Urban residents＇ application level of e- commerce is affected significantly by economic development level, education, informatization degree and information infrastructure; while the level of enterprise use ecommerce is highly correlated with population size, informatization degree and information infrastructure.