全膜覆土穴播种植冬小麦对旱地土壤微生物数量及生物量的影响

Effects of Whole Film Casing Mode Bunch on Soil Microbial Number and Microbial Biomass in Dryland Soil

[目的]揭示全膜覆土穴播种植方式对土壤微生态环境的影响,为其进一步推广应用提供参考依据。[方法]采用田间试验,研究不同覆膜种植方式对冬小麦各生育期土壤微生物数量和微生物量的影响。[结果]全膜覆土穴播方式可明显增加冬小麦各生育期的土壤微生物数量(除自生固氮细菌)以及微生物量C和N。与传统栽培方式相比,全膜覆土穴播方式和全膜不覆土穴播方式土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌分别平均提高32.07%和10.23%,31.27%和10.57%,44.56%和26.51%;氨化细菌和硝化细菌分别平均提高32.54%和37.80%,79.20%和107.22%;微生物量C和N含量分别平均提高29.90%,20.68%%和29.41%,18.02%。各处理土壤微生物数量和微生物量整体从小麦返青期开始升高,到拔节期或抽穗期达到峰值,生长后期有所下降。[结论]全膜穴播方式下土壤微生物数量和微生物量土壤随土层的加深呈减少的趋势。全膜覆土穴播方式有利于冬小麦土壤微生物数量和微生物量的提高。

[Objective]The object of this study is to reveal the effects of whole film casing mode bunch on soil microbial number and microbial biomass in dryland in order to provide basis for its popularization and application.[Methods]The field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different mulching methods on soil microbial number and microbial biomass at different growing periods of winter wheat.[Results]The whole film casing mode bunch increased soil microbial number and microbial biomass significantly in different growing periods of winter wheat.Compared with traditional planting methods,the whole film casing mode bunch（M1）increased the amount of soil bacteria,actinomyces,fungi,ammonifier nitrobacteria and soil microbial biomass C and N by 32.07%,31.27%,44.56%,32.54%,79.20%,29.90% and 29.41%,respectively.While the whole film without overburden bunch（M2）increased the amount of soil bacteria,actinomyces,fungi,ammonifier,nitrobacteria and soil microbial biomass C and N by 10.23%,10.57%,26.51%,37.85%,107.22%,20.68%and 18.02%,respectively.The amount of soil microbes and microbial biomass started to rise at the regreening stage,reached the peak at jointing or heading stage,and then decreased slightly at the later stage of growth in all treatments.[Conclusion]The amount of soil microbes and microbial biomass decreased with the increase of soil depths in the whole film casing mode bunch.Therefore,the whole film casing mode bunch could improve soil microbial number and microbial biomass.