东北低山丘陵区小流域水土流失防治措施的布设及效益评估——以黑龙江省宁安市和盛小流域为例

Construction and Benefit Evaluation of Soil Erosion Control in Small Watershed in Low Mountain and Hill Region of Northeast China——A Case Study in Hesheng Small Watershed of Ning'an City in Heilongjiang Province

[目的]利用空间技术解析黑龙江省宁安市和盛小流域水土保持措施的布设,为低山丘陵区小流域水土流失综合治理提供技术支撑。[方法]在实地调查和现场踏查基础上,利用ArcGIS 9.3的空间分析功能,结合土地利用图和谷歌遥感影像分析小流域土地利用随地形的空间分布数量信息,并对水土流失治理效益进行评估。[结果]根据分析结果确定该流域防治措施主要包括地埂植物带、保土耕作、侵蚀沟防护林、谷坊、生态修复、五孔涵过水路面桥和涵洞等,治理效益显著。[结论]和盛小流域水土流失综合治理项目经济内部收益率大于社会折现率,经济净现值大于0,效益费用比大于1,工程采用的水土保持技术和方法符合国家和部门相关标准和技术规范,切合当地实际,可为同类地区水土流失治理借鉴。

[Objective]This article analyzed the soil and water conservation measures of Hesheng watershed of Ning＇an City in Heilongjiang Province in order to provide technical support for soil and water loss control in hilly area of northeast China.[Methods]Based on the field survey and investigation,land use map and google images,we analyzed the spatial distribution of land use in Hesheng watershed by using ArcGIS 9.3spatial analysis function.The benefits of soil and water erosion control were evaluated.[Results]The soil erosion control measures in the watershed mainly included terrace plants,soil conservation,erosion ditch protective forest,check dam,ecological restoration,five-hole culvert waterway bridge and culvert.[Conclusion]The economic internal rate of return rate of soil erosion comprehensive treatment project in Hesheng watershed was greater than the social discount rate.Economic net present value was greater than 0,and the benefitcost ratio was greater than 1.The project meets the requirements of the national standards,and can provide references for soil and water loss control in other regions.