火车司机职业紧张现状及其影响因素分析

The prevalence status and associated factors of occupational stress among locomotive drivers

目的探讨火车司机的职业紧张现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取某铁路局机务段1 117名火车司机作为调查对象,进行职业紧张及其相关因素的问卷调查,采用χ2检验、χ2分割(或趋势)检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析进行统计分析。结果火车司机的高水平职业紧张发生率为72.84%;动车(或高铁)司机和货车司机的职业紧张水平相同,均高于客车司机(P<0.05/3)。Logistic回归分析显示:回报、应付策略、正性情绪和工作满意感是火车司机职业紧张的保护因素(P<0.05);付出、角色冲突和每日紧张感是其危险因素(P<0.05)。付出和负性情绪是动车(或高铁)司机的危险因素(P<0.05);付出和角色冲突是客车司机的危险因素(P<0.05),回报是其保护因素(P<0.05);付出、角色冲突和每日紧张感是货车司机的危险因素(P<0.05),回报、应付策略和工作满意感是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论火车司机高水平职业紧张的发生率较高,应结合不同工种职业紧张的危险因素和保护因素采取综合防控措施,有效预防高水平职业紧张的发生。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence status and associated factors of occupational stress among locomotive drivers. Methods A cluster sampling survey of occupational stress and associated factors were conducted on 1117 locomotive drivers from a railway bureau by questionnaires The relationship of occupational stress and associated factors was analyzed by Chi-square tests and multivariate non- conditional logistic regression respectively. Results The prevalence rate of the higher level of occupational stress was 72.84%. The same levels of occupational stress for high-speed train drivers and freight train drivers were higher than passenger train drivers（P〈0.05/3）. By the logistic regression analysis, effort, coping strategy, positive affectivity and job satisfaction were protective factors for the level of occupational stress for locomotive drivers（P〈0.05）. Effort role conflict and daily hassles were risk factors（P〈0, 05）, Effort and negative affectivity were risk factors for high-speed train drivers（P〈0.05）. Effort and role conflict were risk factors for passenger train drivers（P〈0.05）, reword was a protective factor（P〈0.05）. Effort, role conflict and daily hassles were risk factors for freight train drivers （P 〈 0.05）. Reword, coping strategy and job satisfaction were protective factors （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The prevalence rate of the higher level of occupational stress was considerable high for locomotive drivers. Some different kinds of preventive measures for risk factors and protective factors should be carried out to prevent occupational stress.