汽修厂职工职业卫生知识知晓及健康状况调查与分析

An Investigation of Knowledge about occupational health and Workers Health in Auto Repair Factories

目的对汽车修理厂职工职业卫生知识和行为进行调查分析,了解维修工人职业卫生防护意识和健康状况,为完善相关法规政策和提高汽修工人健康水平提供依据。方法以118名汽修厂职工为调查对象,采用调查问卷进行现场调查;实地考察汽修厂、查阅职业卫生档案了解汽修厂企业基本情况、工艺流程中存在的职业危害种类及分布和职业卫生情况。结果 93.2%的职工学历为高中及中专以下,83.1%的职工月收入在3 000元以上;知晓工作岗位上存在的职业危害的有53人,知晓率为49.9%;知晓相应防护用品的有106人,知晓率为89.8%;不同年龄、工龄、文化水平和收入组间知晓率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。85.6%的汽修职工通过培训等传统方式获得职业卫生知识,40.7%通过网络、电视等新兴方式获取。104人上岗前参加过职业健康检查,检查率为88.1%;108人在岗期间参加过职业健康检查,检查率为91.5%。结论汽修职工具备一定职业卫生知识和良好的职业卫生习惯,但不能明确岗位上存在的职业危害和相应的个体防护措施。

Objective To study the present state of occupational health knowledge of workers in auto repair factories, understand the health status of workers, in order to provide a basis for perfecting the related laws and policy and improve the health level of workers. Methods Questionnaire was used to survey the basic situation and knowledge about occupational health of workers through a baseline survey of occupation health care and occupation hazards on the enterprise. Results Most of the 118 auto repair workers were male with an average age （30.3 ：[： 8.7） years old, 93.2 percent of workers had high school education or less, the average length of service were（10.1 ：[： 8.5）years, 83. I percent of workers earned more than 3000 yuan/month. 53 workers reported that they knew the exist of occupational hazards on the job, accouting for 44.9%;106 workers knew appropriate protective equipment, accounting for 89.8%. No significant difference was found among different ages, length of service, income and education level. 104 workers attended the pre--job and on guard occupational health medical examination respectively. The physical examination rate were 88. 1 0% and 91.5%respectively. Conclusions Auto repair workers have some knowledge of occupational health and good occupational health habits, but cannot identify clearly the oeeupational hazards and appropriate personal protection present on the job. They obtained knowledge of occupational health mainly through the traditional way and did not make full use of Internet and other media.