楚雄州工业企业职业病危害现状分析

Status analysis of occupational hazards of industrial enterprises in Chuxiong Prefecture

目的了解楚雄州工业企业职业病危害的现状,为职业病防治工作提供依据。方法根据楚雄州职业病危害调查方案,对职业病危害的企业进行现场调查,并结合2007—2013年职业病网络报告情况,对资料进行整理分析。结果楚雄州共有职业病危害企业483家,占39.7%,且以小型私营企业为主;接害人数22 781人,占57.0%;以接触粉尘、噪声、高温的人数最多。开展职业病危害因素监测的企业17家,占3.5%;监测合格率为73.1%。职业健康检查实检率为80.1%,检出率为1.3%,诊断各类职业病473例,主要是尘肺病和铅及其化合物中毒,分别占84.6%和13.7%。发生急性职业中毒事件7起,中毒37人,死亡2人。结论楚雄州职业病危害形势严峻,防治工作有待加强,尤其小型私营企业是职业病危害和防治的重点与难点,应引起企业和政府有关部门的高度重视。

Objective To learn about the current situation of occupational hazards of industrial enterprises in Chuxiong Prefecture and to provide scientific evidences for preventing occupational diseases. Methods According to the investigation scheme of occupational hazards in Chuxiong, field survey was carried out on the occupational hazards of the enterprises, and combining the network report of occupational diseases during 2007 to 2013, the data was collected and analyzed. Results In Chuxiong, there were 483 enterprises with occupational hazards, accounted for 39.7% of all enterprises and the main of small- sized private enterprises. The number of workers exposed to occupational hazards was 22781, accounted for 57.0% of all. The most of people was exposed to dust, noise and high temperature. There were 17 enterprises which carried out the monitoring of occupational hazards, accounting for 3.5%. Among them, qualified rate was 73.1%. The rate of real occupational health examination was 80. 1%, and the positive rate was 1.3%. 473 cases of occupational disease were diagnosed. Among them, most was pneumoconiosis, lead and its compounds poisoning, respectively accounted for 84.6 % and 13.7 %. there were 7 events of acute occupational poisoning accidents which caused 37 people poisoned, and 2 people death. Conclusions In Chuxiong occupational hazard situation is grim, prevention and control work should be strengthened. We also found that most occupational hazards were from small--sized private enterprises, being the difficulty of the occupational diseases prevention and treatment. Attention should be paid to the relevant departments of the government and enterprises.