某冶金企业职业性伤害损伤部位及预后特性分析

Analysis on the wound-positions of occupational injury in a metallurgical company

目的了解某职业人群伤害住院患者伤害部位和结局特征,为职业伤害的防治提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,抽取甘肃省某有色冶金公司职工医院2001—2010年伤害病人病案资料,对损伤部位进行统计学分析。结果共获取的4 596份病历,其中机械性损伤和跌倒/坠落为主要伤害原因。胸部损伤所占比例最高为23.28%(1 070/4 596),其次为头部20.37%(936/4 596)、下肢20.06%(922/4 596)。机械性损伤主要损伤部位为下肢和胸部,跌倒/坠落、交通事故主要损伤部位均为胸部和头部,中毒、烫/烧伤、其他伤害、可造成身体多部位损伤。胸部和头部未愈率较高分别为0.50%,0.57%,颈部损伤治愈率最低为50.00%,头部损伤病死率最高为2.17%。结论职业人群伤害主要发生在胸部和头部,头部损伤治愈率较低,并且病死率最高,应在工作中加强对头部、胸部的防护,尽可能减低伤害损伤的严重程度。

Objective To provide scientific vidence for prevention and controll of occupational injuries by exploring the characteristic of inpatients wound-positions. Methods By using a cluster sampling method, the medical records of injury inpatients form 2001 to 2010 in the hospital of Metallurgical Company in Gansu was collected. Results A total of 4 596 cases were collected. Mechanical injury and falls were the main cause of the injuries. The highest proportion of wound-position was on the pereion, counting for 23. 28% （1 070/ 4 596）. The second was haed counting for 20. 37% （936/4 596）, and the third was lower limbs counting for 20.06%（922/4 596）. Lower limbs and pereion were the main wound-position of the mechanical injuries. Head and pereion were the main wound-position of falls and traffic accidents. However, multiple wound- positions in a body were mainly from poisoning, scald and others. The wounds in pereion and head had a higher uncured rate （0.05% and 0.57%）, and the wounds in the cervical part had a lower cure rate （50.00%）. The highest fatality rate was the wounds on the head（2.17%）. Conclusions Injuries on the head and pereion could make serious damage. It is necessary to adopt some preventions in order to reduce extent injury.