高温超导技术在微磁传感器中的应用与发展

The development and application of high temperature superconductor technology for weak magnetic sensors

磁传感器在诸多领域有着广泛的应用,而随着高温超导技术的快速发展,将高温超导材料应用于磁信号测量成为超导材料应用的一个重要领域。文章探讨了高温超导材料在微弱磁场测量方面的主要应用,介绍了三种在微弱磁场测量方面能达到或有希望达到f T量级的传感器。其中包括:基于约瑟夫森结效应的超导量子干涉器(SQUID),基于超导零电阻效应的巨磁电阻(GMR)磁传感器和由文章作者所在的实验室提出的巨磁阻抗(GMI)/超导复合磁传感器。文章重点介绍了GMI/超导复合磁传感器,并对此传感器在结构和应用方面的最新进展进行了说明。

Magnetic sensors are widely used in many fields. With the rapid development of technology, high temperature superconducting materials have been applied in the important domain of weak magnetic field measurement. To exploit these applications, we have investigated three kinds of magnetic sensors that have already or promise to meet the requirements of femtotesla（fT, 10^（-15）T） range accuracy, i.e., high-temperature superconducting quantum interference device（SQUID） magnetometers, and superconducting flux-to-field transformers based on giant magnetoresistance（GMR） and giant magneto impedance（GMI） sensors.Their structure, principle of operation, and signal processing circuits are analyzed and compared.