后乡土中国的权力结构与村官政治

Power Structure and Village-official Politics in China's Post-rural Era

考察乡村政治的意义在于把握乡村社会的权力结构,以及其中的各种权力怎样治理乡村社会。经历革命、改造、改革和转型四次重大历史变迁的后乡土中国,乡村政治的基本性质已从"无为政治"转变为"村官政治",村官代理着国家权力发挥着基础性作用。中国乡村政治转型并未出现由现代政治体系替代传统权力结构,而是表现为基层权威趋于官僚化,这是国家基层政权建设与乡村社会互动的一种结果。村官政治糅合了国家治理和乡村自治,有机地将国家利益、基层精英利益和村民利益整合起来,在功能上向发展与施惠型政治转变,从而达到了乡村政治在总体上的良性运行状态。

The significance of investigating rural politics is to understand the power structure in rural society and the way in which these powers rule the rural society. In China＇ s post-rural era after four major historical stages -- revolution, transformation, reform and transition -- the basic nature of rural politics has shifted from ＂political inaction＂ to ＂village-of- ficial politics＂, and the village officials are surrogates of the state power in rural administration. China＇ s transition in rural politics has not been one where the modern political system replaces the traditional power structure, but displays itself as the result of turning grassroots authority into bureaucratic authority, which is a result of interaction between national grassroots political power and rural society. Village-official politics is a blend of state governance and rural autonomy, which organically combines national interests, the interests of the grassroots elites and the interests of the villagers. In functionality, it turns towards development and benefits, so as to achieve a positive operation mode in general for rural politics.