养老模式,社会支持和发展型闲暇生活——基于Order Probit模型的实证分析

Model of Elderly Care,Social Support and the Developmental Leisure Lifestyle——An Empirical Analysis Based on Order Probit Model

老有所学、老有所教、老有所乐的积极老龄化目标对老年人发展型闲暇生活提出了更高要求。以2010年中国综合社会调查数据分析中国老年人发展型闲暇生活的特征、模式、影响因素,尤其是在传统家庭养老模武和与子女共同居住家庭结构的变迁,以及现代社会养老模式居家养老缓慢推进的背景下,家庭、朋辈和社区支持对老年人发展型闲暇生活的影响差异显著。研究发现,单独考虑社会支持对老年人发展型闲暇生活的积极作用,社区、家庭、朋辈支持依次递减;加入老年人个体特征后,家庭、朋辈、社区支持都具有积极作用,但仅朋辈支持的影响显著。经济和家务方面的朋辈支持、心理方面的家庭支持显著促进老年人发展型闲暇生活。因此,推进学习型老年社区建设、大力发展养老服务业、构建政策支持体系是提高老年人发展型闲暇生活质量,实现积极老龄化目标的有益探索。

Positive aging process featuring learning, education and entertainment opportunities has raised higher demand for the developmental leisure lifestyle of the senior citizens. Based on the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey data, concerning the features, modes and influence elements for Chinese elderly＇ s developmental leisure lifestyle, especially the traditional household-based care system and extensive family structure, aganist the background of slow evolution of modern social elderly care system, we have found that family, peer and community support are exerting positive influence over the elderly＇ s developmental leisure lifestyle. Community, family, and peer support show a descending order （ after inputting the elderly＇ s individual characteristics, family, peer and community support all showa positive effect, yet peer alone shows the most prominent influence）. Peer support in economic and domestic aspects and family support in psychological aspects can significantly promote the elderly＇ s developmental leisure lifestyle. It should be noted that to promote the building of learning-based elderly community, to develop elderly care services, and to build the policy support system is benefitial explorations for the improvement of the life quality in the elderly＇ s developmental leisure lifestyle and the realization of active aging process.