民主的工具论与内在论证成

Positive Evidence for Instrumental Theory and Inherent Theory of of Democracy

在对民主进行辩护的理论中,民主工具论和内在论提供了两种主要的证成视角。民主工具论把民主当作实现其他社会价值目标如繁荣、发展、安全、效率的工具,以经验验证的方式从民主制度的实际成效来论证民主,从效用考察、决策合理性的概率和慎议的优势来说明民主优于其他的政体。内在论则除了承认民主是实现其他价值的手段以外,更强调民主本身就是重要的价值,认为民主在实现公民的平等、道德自主、自我管理上具有优势,作为一种生活方式,对于发挥人的潜能和创造性、实现人的自由发展方面具有其他社会体制所不能代替的价值。

Among the theories as defense for democracy, the instrumental theory and and inherent theory of democracy provide two main perspectives for positive evidence. The instrumental theory of democracy takes democracy as instrument for the realization of other social values and goals, such as ？ prosperity, development, security, and efficiency, and attempts to prove democracy from the actual effect of democratic system in an empirical method. It also argues that democracy is superior to other system in terms of effectiveness, rationality in decision-making, and advantages of deliberative council. The inherent theory of democracy not only recognizes democracy as a means to achieve other values, but also emphasizes that democracy itself is an important value, and holds that democracy has strengths in achieving citizens＇ equality, moral autonomy, and self-management. As a way of life, it is of irreplaceable value for development people＇ s potential and creativity and the achievement of free development that no other social system can be capable of.