打车服务属性与政府角色适合性的转换

Attributes of Taxi Service and Adaptive Shift of Government Roles

打车软件是科技进步带来的新生事物。专车服务由此成为困扰地方政府的一个难题。从公共政策视角分析,传统出租车与专车在四类属性上有所不同,包括物品的竞争性与排他性,外部性,自然垄断与信息不对称。基于两重交易视角对打车服务特性的分析表明,专车相比于传统出租车,在竞争性与排他性,信息不对称方面有所改善,但在外部性与自然垄断方面依旧存在市场失灵问题。从政府对打车服务进行规制的模式来看,包括早期的纽约模式、现代的北京模式和专车冲击下的义乌模式。在对打车服务进行规制时,政府决策的出发点就是要界定好打车服务的属性,并在此基础上适应打车服务带来的变化。政府在规制过程中要尽量弥补市场失灵尤其应克服垄断的威胁,并要结合城市交通整体需求进行统筹安排。

Taxi-calling software is a new phenomenon brought by scientific and technological progress. The ＂exclusive car service＂ has become a tough issue for the local government. From the perspective of public policy, such service and the traditional taxi service are different in four attributes, including competitiveness, exclusive use, externality, and natural monopoly and information asymmetry. The starting point of government decision-making is to define the attributes of taxicalling services and adapt to the changes brought by this new service.