自然的栖居与理性的企盼——论沈从文小说中的动物书写

Natural Living and the Rational Expectation——The Description of Animals in Shen Congwen's Novels

在中国现代文学史上,湘西作家、京派代表人物沈从文的小说具有历久弥新、经久不衰的魅力。他的文学世界形象而真实地向我们展示了偏远湘西里的民性、民情、民俗和民魂,同时又刻画了一个异常丰富奇特的"动物世界"。大量描写动物,以动物为参照来表现人的生存境遇,是沈从文创作的一个不可忽视的特点。沈从文塑造动物形象,烘托环境,推动情节,表达象征含义与寄托生活理想,体现出在叙事视角、文化表达及生态意识等方面的特点。文章运用生态批评、宗教学及叙事学等理论知识,分析沈从文笔下的动物形象具有的深层内涵以及特点,有益于更全面深入挖掘他的创作,发现他对自在生命状态的追求和赞美。

In the history of Chinese modernliterature, Shen Congwen is the writer of Western Hunan and representative of Beijing school of literature, whose novels bear timeless and enduring charm. His literary world shows us, in a vivid and lively way, the people, customs, and the soul of the people, which forms the remote Western Hunan. At the same time, it also depicts a exceedingly rich and unique ＂animal world＂. Shen Congwen expressed the living condition of people by referring to the abundant description of animal, which is a significant feature of Shen Congwen＇s creation. Shen Congwen＇s techniques of shaping the images of animals, showing the environment, developing the plot, expressing symbolic meaning and reposing the ideal life reflect the features in his narrative point of view, cultural expression and eco-consciousness and so on. The paper analyzes the deep implication and characteristics of the animal images of Shen Congwen＇s works, with the assistance of the theoretical knowledge of eco-criticism, religious study and narratology, which will benefit a more comprehensive dig to his creation and find his pursue and praise for comfortable life.