“动物精神”还是拜物教?——论资本主义经济危机中人的因素

“Animal Spirits”or Fetishism?Human Factor in Capitalist Economy Crisis

"人"是经济活动的主体。西方经济学视域中的"人"被定义成抽象的、具有"动物精神"的理性"经济人",而马克思经济学中的"人"则是历史发展过程中的、具有主观能动性的经济范畴的人格化。这一不同认识使得两者在探寻"人"在资本主义经济危机中的作用及对相关问题的解答方面迥然不同。与西方经济学家力主从"动物精神"的视角探讨资本主义经济危机诱因不同,马克思经济学的拜物教理论,不仅能捕获作为经济范畴人格化的资本家之贪婪本性,还可挖掘出致使资本主义经济危机爆发的根本原因及其传导机制,更有助于把握资本主义社会的历史阶段性及其向更高级阶段过渡的客观必然性。

＂Human＂ is the major participants in economic activities,is also the sponsor of capitalist economy crisis.The ＂man＂ in western economics is defined as an abstract and full of animal spirits ＂economic man＂,while in Marxist economics the＂man＂lives in historic development process,has subjective initiative and is the personification of economic category.These differences make them have different answers to capitalist economy crisis and related problems.In marked contrast to western economists devoted to explain the cause of economic crisis from superficial level of＂animal spirits＂,it is more reasonable and scientific for Marxist economists from the perspective of fetishism to capture capitalists＇ greed in the form of economic category personification,to get the basic cause and transmission mechanism of capitalist economy crisis,to understand the historical stage of capitalist society and the objective necessity of transition from capitalist society to more advanced social stage.